Chemotherapy research is a multifaceted field dedicated to enhancing cancer treatment efficacy and reducing side effects, which involves exploring new drug compounds and treatment strategies to target cancer cells, while minimising harm to healthy tissues. Research aims to understand the underlying mechanisms of chemotherapy resistance and to overcome this challenge in patient care. Advances in drug delivery systems aim to improve the precision and efficiency of chemotherapy, enabling superior targeted delivery to tumour sites. Additionally, combination therapies can synergistically enhance the effectiveness of chemotherapy, potentially allowing lower doses of drugs with fewer adverse effects. Collaborative endeavours between researchers, clinicians, and pharmaceutical companies drive progress in chemotherapy research.